Nevertheless, there are examples of retrograde motion in the music of J.S. The different relationships set up by reversing the direction of a theme make it completely unrecognizable and when a composer indulges in this device the disclosure of it makes not the slightest difference to our apprehension of the music, which must be listened to as going parallel with the time-processes of our existence.” However, as Edmund Rubbra (1960, p. 35) points out, “This is, of course, a purely mental concept, as music can never do anything but go forwards, even if the given tune is reversed. Todd also notes that, by use of retrograde, inversion, and retrograde-inversion, composers of this time viewed music in a way similar to serialists of the 20th century. In contradistinction, Antoine Busnois and Jacob Obrecht, used retrograde and other permutations extensively, suggesting familiarity with one another's compositional techniques. Todd notes that although some composers ( John Dunstaple, Guillaume Dufay and Johannes Ockeghem) used retrograde occasionally, they did not combine it with other permutations. Machaut, the opening and closing bars of 'ma fin est mon commencement' (My end is my beginning.) Listen She concludes that, whatever the reasons, construction of retrogrades and their transmission were part of the medieval composers' world, as they prized symmetry and balance as intellectual feats in addition to the aural experience. She quotes Daniel Poirion in suggesting that the retrograde canon in Machaut's three-voice rondeau, "Ma Fin est mon Commencement" could symbolize a metaphysical view of death as rebirth, or else the ideal circle of the courtly outlook, which encloses all initiatives and all ends. Surveying medieval examples of retrograde, Virginia Newes notes that early composers were often also poets, and that musical retrogrades could have been based on similarly constructed poetic texts. (The word "Nusmido" is a syllabic retrograde of the word "Dominus.") According to Willi Apel, the earliest example of retrograde in music is the 13th century clausula, Nusmido, in which the tenor has the liturgical melody "Dominus" in retrograde (found in the manuscript Pluteo 29.1, folio 150 verso, located in the Laurentian Library in Florence). In music Nusmido, folio 150 verso of manuscript Pluteo 29.1, located in the Laurentian Library in Florence - the earliest known example of retrograde in musicĭespite not being mentioned in theoretical treatises prior to 1500, compositions written before that date show retrograde. Some writers acknowledge that hearing retrograde in music is a challenge, and consider it a self-referential compositional device. Friedrich Wilhelm Marpurg (1754) notes various names for the procedure imitatio retrograda or cancrizans or per motum retrogradum and says it is used primarily in canons and fugues. Thomas Morley (1597) described retrograde in the context of canons and mentions a work by Byrd. To tell the truth, a listening is more likely to be induced to vexation than to delight by these disproportioned fancies, which are devoid of pleasant harmony and contrary to the goal of the imitation of the nature of the words." He should not make a canon in the shape of a tower, a mountain, a river, a chessboard, or other objects, for these compositions create a loud noise in many voices, with little harmonic sweetness. In such cases a student can begin at the end and work back to the beginning in order to find where and in which voice he should begin the canons." Vicentino derided those who achieved purely intellectual pleasure from retrograde (and similar permutations): "A composer of such fancies must try to make canons and fugues that are pleasant and full of sweetness and harmony. Nicola Vicentino (1555) discussed the difficulty in finding canonic imitation: "At times, the fugue or canon cannot be discovered through the systems mentioned above, either because of the impediment of rests, or because one part is going up while another is going down, or because one part starts at the beginning and the other at the end. Retrograde was not mentioned in theoretical treatises prior to 1500. In twelve-tone music, reversal of the pitch classes alone-regardless of the melodic contour created by their registral placement-is regarded as a retrograde. Some composers choose to subject just the pitches of a musical line to retrograde, or just the rhythms. An even more exact retrograde reverses the physical contour of the notes themselves, though this is possible only in electronic music. An exact retrograde includes both the pitches and rhythms in reverse. A melodic line that is the reverse of a previously or simultaneously stated line is said to be its retrograde or cancrizans ( / ˈ k æ ŋ k r ɪ ˌ z æ n z/ "walking backward", medieval Latin, from cancer "crab").
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Ian Bray, aged 53, and five other defendants had been charged in 2019 after pouring fake oil over the main entrance, glueing themselves to the doors, and painting the front of the building with the words “Shell Knew” to highlight the fact that the oil company had been aware for more than 40 years that their business was contributing to climate change. ‘As President Biden was bringing his climate summit of world leaders to a close last week, a Quaker co-founder of Extinction Rebellion was being found not guilty of criminal damage to Shell’s headquarters, despite the judge’s directing the jury that he had no defence under law. The shooting of Bishop-Elect Christian Carlassare will have sent shockwaves through all the churches of South Sudan, as it has amongst Christian communities outside the country.” The Primate of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan, the Most Revd Justin Badi Arama, said: “We share in the pain of our brother, Bishop-elect Christian Carlassare, and we pray for his quick recovery and healing and that all involved find forgiveness and reconciliation to move forward and shine as an example of God in Rumbek Diocese and throughout South Sudan”’ (Church Times 30 April 2021). Dr Idowu-Fearon said on Wednesday: “In my visits to South Sudan, I have seen how close Catholic, Anglican, and other Christians are. “All diocesan officials and workers, including members of the clergy, are being investigated,” Vatican News reports. Fr Carlassare, an Italian priest, was seriously injured after gunmen stormed the diocese’s offices and fired at least 13 bullets. ‘The shooting of the Roman Catholic Bishop-elect of Rumbek, in South Sudan, Fr Christian Carlassare, on Sunday evening, will “send shockwaves” through all the country’s churches, the Secretary-General of the Anglican Communion, the Rt Revd Dr Josiah Idowu-Fearon, has said. There has been no update on congregational singing inside churches, however, which is still not permitted due to the risk of droplet transmission (News, 4 June 2020)’ (Church Times ). Congregational singing outdoors is also permitted. Outdoors, congregations are unlimited as long as they are spaced “in multiple groups” of up to 30 people, allowing larger outdoor events to take place (News, 14 May). The use of water and full emersion during baptisms is permitted with social distancing guidelines and hygiene measures applied. Face coverings are still mandatory in places of worship, and the distribution of the communion cup remains suspended. Social distancing rules still apply between separate groups. Mixing between households within places of worship, including for private prayer, follows national restrictions, mean that groups of six people from different households can now sit together. Wakes and weddings of up to 30 guests are now permitted - up from six since the second stage of the roadmap began on 12 April… As before, the size of congregations for communal worship, including ordinations, baptisms, and confirmations remains limited to the capacity of the building and subject to a risk assessment. As part of the third stage of the Government’s roadmap, which came into force on Monday, attendance at funerals is now limited to the Covid-safe capacity of the building, allowing many more people to pay their respects in person. And groups of six people from different households can now sit together during worship. ‘The 30-person limit on funeral attendance in places of worship has been scrapped as part of the latest easing of lockdown restrictions in England. Erebus, from the Wegener InstituteĮrebus has been in continuous eruption since 1972. Some of the rocks erupted from Erebus contain huge chucks of deep-mantle minerals such as olivene, shown beautifully in this specimen in the Wegener Institute in Hamburg, Germany. That probably won’t mean a thing to non-mineralogy nerds but to crystal buffs a phonolitic lava lake is extremely rare. Phonolitic lavas are silica-undersaturated rare lavas high in feldspathoid minerals. Geography and Geologic Background Ross Island topographic map, Erebus at left.Įrebus easily takes claim to the title of the most active volcano in Antarctica, as the mountain’s summit hosts a perennial cauldron of phonolitic lava. This was one of the worst disasters in the history of New Zealand, paralleled only in loss of life by the Hawke’s Bay earthquake of 1931. Thanks to the MEVO, there’s even a live webcam inside the crater looking down at the lava lake:Įrebus claimed the lives of 257 passengers on Air New Zealand flight 901 on November 28th, 1979 when the pilots unknowingly steered their aircraft directly into the mountain at an elevation of only 1,500 feet above the ocean. This past weekend they were surveying the inside of a cave on the volcano’s flanks with LIDAR and collecting lava samples up on the rim at the summit. “MEVO” as it is called even has it’s own Facebook page, and scientists post daily updates during their field season. Why am I even attempting this?” You get further out and you get more and more committed.Įrebus is the site of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory, which is administered by the University of New Mexico. I remember thinking, “Oh my god, this is absolutely ridiculous. I caught the shuttle to Scott Base, went out to the snowmobiles, threw the backpack in, fired it up and went down the peninsula. Before, during the work week, I had driven out and filled up the snowmobile gas tank, and got another five-gallon jerry can and put that on. It was a long and complex chain of events….I took off on Saturday night, about 9 o’clock, while everybody was getting drunk. I appropriated a snowmobile, got it a large chunk of the way up Erebus, and then hoofed it the rest of the way. Adjust font sizes for easier viewing when presenting to your class.CSV format for analysis of data in spreadsheet software such as Excel, Google Sheets, and Numbers Export graphs and data for printing and inclusion in lab reports.Create text annotations and add graph titles.Add calculated columns based on existing data to linearize data or investigate related concepts.Perform curve fits, including linear, quadratic, natural exponent, and more.Apply Statistics calculations to find mean, min, max, and standard deviation.Find area under a curve using the Integral tool.Use Tangent tool to show instantaneous rates of change of the data.Examine, interpolate/extrapolate, and select data. Draw Predictions on a graph to uncover misconceptions.View data in a table or show a graph and table side-by-side.Display one, two, or three graphs simultaneously.Manual entry of data from keyboard and clipboard.Graph match feature for use with motion detectors.Option to zero and reverse sensor readings.Customizable unit display on supported sensors.Optional triggering of time-based data collection based on sensor value.Configurable data-collection rate and duration for time-based data collection.Time Based, Event Based, Drop Counting, and Photogate data-collection modes.For more information on Data Sharing, visit Manual entry of data can be performed without a hardware purchase. Note: Sensor data collection and Data Sharing require the purchase of hardware from Vernier Science Education. Data Sharing via Wi-Fi connection to LabQuest 2 or Logger Pro® 3.Vernier LabQuest® sensors used with a LabQuest Stream interface.Vernier Go Wireless® Heart Rate and Go Wireless Exercise Heart Rate monitors.Vernier Go Direct® sensors - with Bluetooth® wireless technology.Graphical Analysis™ is a tool for science students to collect, graph, and analyze data from Vernier sensors. Speech feature summaries are provided below with links for more information. Microsoft uses Speech for many scenarios, such as captioning in Teams, dictation in Office 365, and Read Aloud in the Edge browser. The voice assistant feature provides fast, reliable interaction between a device and an assistant implementation. Voice assistants: Create natural, humanlike conversational interfaces for their applications and experiences.Language learning: Provide pronunciation assessment feedback to language learners, support real-time transcription for remote learning conversations, and read aloud teaching materials with neural voices.Call Center: Transcribe calls in real-time or process a batch of calls, redact personally identifying information, and extract insights such as sentiment to help with your call center use case.Audio Content Creation: You can use neural voices to make interactions with chatbots and voice assistants more natural and engaging, convert digital texts such as e-books into audiobooks and enhance in-car navigation systems.Captioning: Learn how to synchronize captions with your input audio, apply profanity filters, get partial results, apply customizations, and identify spoken languages for multilingual scenarios.Speech is available for many languages, regions, and price points. It's easy to speech enable your applications, tools, and devices with the Speech CLI, Speech SDK, Speech Studio, or REST APIs. Run Speech anywhere, in the cloud or at the edge in containers. You can transcribe speech to text with high accuracy, produce natural-sounding text to speech voices, translate spoken audio, and use speaker recognition during conversations.Ĭreate custom voices, add specific words to your base vocabulary, or build your own models. The Speech service provides speech to text and text to speech capabilities with a Speech resource. There are no breaking changes to application programming interfaces (APIs) or SDKs. The names Cognitive Services and Azure Applied AI continue to be used in Azure billing, cost analysis, price list, and price APIs. Also, you can "Pause" or "Stop" the conversion process.As of July 2023, Azure AI services encompass all of what were previously known as Cognitive Services and Azure Applied AI Services. Lastly, you can click on "Play" button to start and listen the conversion. Also, you can change the male or female voice. There is one dro-down option where you can choose the speech-language. Drag right to speed up and drag left for speed down. You can use the slider to increase or decrease the conversion speech speed. The next step is to choose the speed of the voice. You can enter or paste your text in this field. When you open the tool, there is a text area block at the top of the page. There are four steps that you need to follow to use this app. After arranging these things, open Text to Speech Reader and follow the steps below. Also, you have to install any web browser to open it. So, you need an Internet connection to get access. Mobile Responsive: We have made this text to voice reader mobile friendly.Browser Compatibility: Our tool works on almost all web browsers.Also, we don't take any hidden charges or subscription rates. Simply type or paste the text and hear it. No Login, No Signup: You don't have to create an account on our website in order to use the tool.Also, you can increase or decrease the speed of voice using the range slider option. So, anyone can easily go through the app. Easy to Use: We have put simple 4 buttons.So, with a slower connection, you will also get instant results. However, it depends upon your Internet Speed. Speed of Conversion: The conversion process is very fast and it takes less than a second to convert text to speech.Even more, you will get different options to choose the voice's gender or accent. Natural Voice: It's very surprising that our tool gives natural human voice as an output.No one will find it difficult to understand the speech. Therefore, anyone can easily recognize each character or word. Audio Clarity: The output audio is very transparent and high quality.The quality of our tool is judged by many criteria but some of the very important points are as follows: The ONLY time that the system or another app should be able to take over your screen and screen focus is a system threatening condition that needs attention immediately Let the icon get some sort of update that shows there is an unattended alert for an app. At home, you could want to mirror a video from your iPhone to your 24-inch iMac's large display for everyone to see.Įach app should only be able to put up windows and lanes in its own “app level”. Using AirPlay 2, you can share a presentation you've made on your own Mac, iPad, or iPhone and AirPlay it to the conference room Mac plugged into a projector in an office environment. The Mac is no longer an AirPlay 2 output device, but can now be used as a receiver too. It is a fantastic way to be connected while physically apart.Īside from watching the latest episode of Mythic Quest with your BFFs, you can also share your screen as an easy way to troubleshoot your family's computer problems. Thanks to SharePlay, you can now watch videos, play games, listen to music with others while on a FaceTime call. SharePlay SharePlay may fall under a subcategory of FaceTime, but it's cool enough to warrant mention on its own. You can easily group them into various types, like work tabs, personal tabs, finance tabs, or any other category you dream up. These, which sync across all your devices, are an easy way to manage many tabs at once. It has been redesigned and features Tab Groups. #SpoonTip: Running late? Don’t want to exert the effort to mix the drink up yourself? Ask for your iced caramel macchiato “upside down.” Sure, it totally defeats the purpose of a “macchiato”, but you were probably going to do it yourself anyway. But have no fear- a few swirls of the straw and you’re all set to go. Although this idea makes a lot more sense in the hot form of the drink and you’re not really supposed to drink all of the sugary milk before you hit the espresso, it’s all about aesthetic in the iced form. The word “macchiato” means “to mark/stain” in Italian, which is why this drink is layered with milk on the bottom and the espresso on top. This will definitely make it easier on the wallet, since a bottle of could set you back $65 or more. As an added bonus, it doesn’t require any impossible to acquire syrups or sauces to make it taste like the real deal. Even though it sounds fancy, I’m here to tell you that it’s actually super simple to make at home. That’s it!įor another delicious Starbucks copycat recipe, check this one out! It’s for all you chocolate lovers….By adding your email you agree to get updates about Spoon University HealthierĪs a barista (and certified coffee master, thank ya very much) at Starbucks in sunny South Florida, I can confidently say that I’ve made my fair share of iced Caramel Macchiatos.
The 2008 is certainly spacious enough in the rear, but the Captur manages to offer just a little more room back there. In terms of rear seat space, the Captur has a slight edge here. Both these figures are strong for the class, and make the Captur and 2008 practical cars for luggage. The 2008’s boot is 434 litres, so slightly up on the Captur in standard arrangement. The Captur has a 536-litre boot with the rear seats slid forward slightly, though this robs back-seat passengers of legroom, and in normal configuration the 422-litre boot is still generous. Practicality and boot spaceĪs previously mentioned, cars like this are designed partly with practicality in mind, and to that end they both do well. The entry-level 2008 is quicker than its Captur rival, taking 10.9 seconds to do the 0-62mph sprint, with the 130hp model taking 8.9 seconds, and the 155hp engine doing the same in 8.2 seconds. The hybrid and plug-in hybrid both take 10 seconds or so to do the same. Performance wise, the Captur takes a fairly length 14 seconds to go from 0-62mph with the 90hp engine, with the 140hp model shaving a useful four seconds off this time. The Peugeot feels a little more agile than the Renault, its small steering wheel contributing to a sense of nippiness, but overall it’s not quite as comfy as the Captur, and nor is it as refined. It’s also impressively refined on a cruise, isolating you from wind and road noise well. The Captur is slightly more focussed on comfort and less on handling than the 2008, with the Renault ironing out bumps in the road effectively. The Captur is mechanically related to the Renault Clio while the 2008 shares its underpinnings with the Peugeot 208 supermini, and while making the small SUVs’ increased height means a higher centre of gravity, this does not impact their handling unduly. Small SUVs are designed more with practicality and ease of use rather than outright handling in mind, but both the 2008 and Captur are decent companions on both motorways and smaller roads. The entry-level Captur engine is a 90hp 1.0-litre unit, above which sits a 140hp 1.3-litre the latter is a mild hybrid, but this essentially means it has a sophisticated stop-start system.įor most people, most of the time, the mid-range 130hp 2008, and 140hp Captur will offer the best blend of value, power and economy. There’s no pure-electric version of the Captur, but you can get it as a 160hp plug-in hybrid and, a 145hp conventional hybrid, or with a standard petrol and engine (the diesel model has been discontinued). There’s also an all-electric e-2008, which can officially cover 206 miles on a single charge. A 1.5-litre diesel used to be available, though this has been discontinued. This produces either 100, 130 or 155hp with an eight-speed automatic gearbox optional on the 100hp version and standard with the 155hp one (which is only available on the top GT Premium trim level). EnginesĪ 1.2-litre petrol engine is the mainstay of the 2008. Digital dashboard dials are standard on all but the base Active Premium+ model. The infotainment systems in general is okay, but the graphics aren’t anything to write home about. You don’t get the same lovely physical dials for the climate control in the Peugeot there are physical shortcut keys below the touchscreen, but once you’ve hit the right one of these, you’ll find yourself using the seven-inch touchscreen to adjust the temperature, making the task more involved than it need be. Entry-level Evolution trim brings an analogue speedometer, while the mid-level Techno and above get a digital driver’s display. The systems work fine, but there can be a little lag when operating the screen, while small icons can make individual functions slightly fiddly to select. Top-level trims get a larger 9.3-inch screen. Infotainment wise, entry and mid-level trims get a seven-inch portrait-orientated touchscreen in the Captur, with Apple CarPlay and Android Auto as standard. You may find you get on fine with the iCockpit, but some drivers find it tricky to get a seating and steering wheel position that both allows them to be comfortable, and have a clear view of the dials. One thing to highlight is that the 2008 features Peugeot’s iCockpit system this sees a small steering wheel fitted, and you look over this to view the speedometer and other driver displays, unlike a convention setup as seen in the Captur, where the dashboard dials are viewed through the steering wheel. I got the point that I removed all but 3 stations from my Pandora Premium account. I have been trying to sync my Pandora stations all day. I hope this can be helpful, give it a try and keep me posted in case you need anything else. Download will continue in background if you leave app.
Given President Trump’s efforts to kick up dust around his loss, objections were anticipated, and the Speaker of the House, Nancy Pelosi, had asked Raskin to help lead the floor response-a role, and a click of republican machinery, that he relished. It was the day when the electoral votes of the 2020 presidential election would be counted. He spent a few days nearly catatonic, “rocking back and forth like a baby.” Then, on January 6, he rode down to the Capitol to try to work. “After searching frantically for my phone-which I had thrown high in the air when I came upon the scene-after dialing 911 and screaming after I tried to resuscitate him and get him to breathe by pressing repeatedly on his hard, beautiful chest…I floated through the house and under the grey winter sky, thinking perhaps I was gone forever, too,” Raskin writes in Unthinkable, his extraordinary new memoir of an extraordinary year. For Raskin and his wife and their two other children, this was the start of a nightmare. The previous Thursday, after preparing a breakfast smoothie, he had gone to the room where his 25-year-old son, Tommy, was staying while remotely attending Harvard Law School and had found him dead, a victim of suicide. Raskin, a Democrat who represents Maryland’s Eighth District, was entering his fifth year in Congress, having first been elected on the same night as Donald Trump. In the history of workweeks that start badly, few can compete with the one Representative Jamie Raskin began on January 6, 2021, his first full morning back in the Capitol since discovering the corpse of his son six days before. |
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